/* Layout: an editorial practice journal — quiet masthead, serif headlines, generous measure, one surgical-red accent used for "you are here" and emphasis */
:root{
  --paper:#F7F5F1; --card:#FFFFFF; --sunk:#EFECE6; --ink:#16191D; --muted:#5C6168; --line:#DEDAD2;
  --red:#A5281F; --red-soft:#F4E3E0; --tint:#E9EEEC; --on-red:#FFFFFF;
  --serif:"Newsreader",Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;
  --sans:"Public Sans",system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;
  --mono:"JetBrains Mono",ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;
  --wrap:1140px; --read:66ch;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark){:root:not([data-theme="light"]){
  --paper:#141517; --card:#1B1D20; --sunk:#111214; --ink:#ECEAE5; --muted:#A3A7AD; --line:#2C2F33;
  --red:#E06A5E; --red-soft:#3A1E1B; --tint:#1F2624; --on-red:#1A0B09; color-scheme:dark}}
:root[data-theme="dark"]{
  --paper:#141517; --card:#1B1D20; --sunk:#111214; --ink:#ECEAE5; --muted:#A3A7AD; --line:#2C2F33;
  --red:#E06A5E; --red-soft:#3A1E1B; --tint:#1F2624; --on-red:#1A0B09; color-scheme:dark}

*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth}
body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:400 18px/1.7 var(--sans);overflow-x:hidden;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
img{display:block;max-width:100%}
a{color:inherit}
h1,h2,h3{margin:0;font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-.015em;line-height:1.08;text-wrap:balance}
p{margin:0}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--red);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:3px}
.wrap{max-width:var(--wrap);margin:0 auto;padding-left:max(16px,env(safe-area-inset-left,0px));padding-right:max(16px,env(safe-area-inset-right,0px))}
.kicker{font:500 12px/1.2 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--red)}
.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:10px;min-height:50px;padding:0 24px;border-radius:4px;font:600 15px/1 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.01em;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid var(--ink);background:transparent;color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;transition:background .2s,color .2s}
.btn:hover{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper)}
.btn.primary{background:var(--red);border-color:var(--red);color:var(--on-red)}
.btn.primary:hover{filter:brightness(1.08);background:var(--red);color:var(--on-red)}
.btn svg{width:18px;height:18px;flex:none}

/* masthead */
body::before{content:"";position:fixed;inset:0 0 auto;height:env(safe-area-inset-top,0px);z-index:10;background:var(--paper)}
header.mast{position:sticky;top:env(safe-area-inset-top,0px);z-index:9;background:var(--paper);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}
.mast .wrap{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px 28px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-block:16px 14px}
.mast .name{text-decoration:none;display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.mast .name b{font:500 24px/1 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.01em}
.mast .name span{font:400 12px/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}
.mast nav{display:flex;gap:26px;align-items:baseline}
.mast nav a{text-decoration:none;font:500 15px/1 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);padding-bottom:6px;border-bottom:2px solid transparent}
.mast nav a:hover{color:var(--ink)}
.mast nav a[aria-current]{color:var(--ink);border-bottom-color:var(--red)}
.mast nav .req{color:var(--red)}
@media (max-width:520px){.mast .name span{display:none}.mast nav{gap:18px}}

/* sections */
section{padding-block:84px}
.rule{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.sunk{background:var(--sunk);border-block:1px solid var(--line)}
.shead{display:grid;grid-template-columns:200px minmax(0,1fr);gap:24px 40px;margin-bottom:40px}
.shead h2{font-size:clamp(32px,4.2vw,50px)}
.shead p{margin-top:14px;color:var(--muted);max-width:var(--read)}
@media (max-width:760px){.shead{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px}section{padding-block:60px}}

/* home */
.hero{padding-block:64px 56px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.hero .grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.25fr) minmax(0,.75fr);gap:56px;align-items:end}
.hero h1{font-size:clamp(46px,7vw,92px);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.025em}
.hero h1 em{font-style:italic;color:var(--red)}
.hero .lede{margin-top:26px;font:400 21px/1.6 var(--serif);color:var(--ink);max-width:54ch}
.hero .cta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin-top:30px}
.byline{border-left:2px solid var(--red);padding-left:20px}
.byline b{display:block;font:500 22px/1.2 var(--serif)}
.byline p{margin-top:8px;color:var(--muted);font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6}
.byline ul{list-style:none;margin:16px 0 0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:6px;font:500 12px/1.4 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}
@media (max-width:880px){.hero .grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:36px}}

.topics{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr));border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}
.topics a{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;padding:22px 18px 26px 0;text-decoration:none;border-right:1px solid var(--line);margin-right:18px;min-width:0}
.topics a:last-child{border-right:0;margin-right:0}
.topics .n{font:500 12px/1 var(--mono);color:var(--red)}
.topics h3{font-size:24px}
.topics p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted)}
.topics a:hover h3{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--red);text-underline-offset:4px}
@media (max-width:960px){.topics{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.topics a{border-right:0;margin-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-right:12px}}
@media (max-width:520px){.topics{grid-template-columns:1fr}}

.writing{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:28px}
.article-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;min-width:0}
.article-card .art{aspect-ratio:3/2;max-width:100%;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);display:grid;place-items:center;overflow:hidden}
.article-card .art svg{width:100%;height:100%}
.article-card .kicker{margin-top:6px}
.article-card h3{font-size:27px;line-height:1.15}
.article-card p{color:var(--muted);font-size:16px;line-height:1.55}
.article-card .more{font:500 14px/1 var(--sans);color:var(--red);margin-top:4px}
.article-card:hover h3{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--red);text-underline-offset:5px;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px}
@media (max-width:900px){.writing{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}
@media (max-width:600px){.writing{grid-template-columns:1fr}}

.about{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.9fr) minmax(0,1.1fr);gap:56px;align-items:start}
.about figure{margin:0}
.about figure img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:4/5;object-fit:cover;filter:grayscale(.15) contrast(1.04)}
.about figcaption{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:10px}
.about .body p{margin-top:16px;max-width:var(--read)}
.about .body p:first-of-type{font:400 22px/1.55 var(--serif)}
.facts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0;margin-top:30px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.facts div{padding:14px 16px 14px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);min-width:0}
.facts dt{font:500 11px/1.3 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}
.facts dd{margin:6px 0 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.45}
@media (max-width:880px){.about{grid-template-columns:1fr}.about figure{max-width:440px}}
@media (max-width:480px){.facts{grid-template-columns:1fr}}

.pull{font:italic 400 clamp(26px,3.2vw,38px)/1.3 var(--serif);max-width:30ch;border-left:2px solid var(--red);padding-left:24px}
.pull cite{display:block;margin-top:14px;font:500 12px/1 var(--mono);font-style:normal;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}

.strip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px}
.strip a{display:block;text-decoration:none;min-width:0}
.strip img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:1/1;object-fit:cover}
.strip span{display:block;margin-top:10px;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.45}
@media (max-width:640px){.strip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.strip a:first-child{grid-column:span 2}}

/* consult */
.consult{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:48px;align-items:start}
.consult h2{font-size:clamp(34px,4.4vw,54px)}
.consult .intro{margin-top:16px;color:var(--muted);max-width:52ch}
.steps{list-style:none;margin:28px 0 0;padding:0;counter-reset:s;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.steps li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:36px 1fr;gap:12px;padding:14px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:16px}
.steps li::before{counter-increment:s;content:counter(s);font:500 14px/1.7 var(--mono);color:var(--red)}
.phone{margin-top:26px}
.phone .num{display:block;font:500 clamp(32px,4vw,44px)/1 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.01em;white-space:nowrap;user-select:all;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.phone p{margin-top:8px;font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}
.phone button{margin-top:14px}
form.req{padding:30px;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line)}
form.req h3{font-size:28px}
form.req .sub{color:var(--muted);font-size:15px;margin:6px 0 20px}
.f{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;margin-bottom:14px;min-width:0}
.f label{font:500 13px/1.2 var(--sans)}
.f input,.f select,.f textarea{width:100%;min-height:48px;padding:11px 13px;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:400 16px/1.4 var(--sans)}
.f textarea{min-height:96px;resize:vertical}
.f input:focus,.f select:focus,.f textarea:focus{border-color:var(--ink);outline:none}
.two{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px}
.privacy{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:10px}
.formmsg{margin-top:14px;padding:14px 16px;background:var(--tint);font-size:15px}
@media (max-width:880px){.consult{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
@media (max-width:480px){.two{grid-template-columns:1fr}}

/* education hub */
.hubhead{padding-block:64px 40px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}
.hubhead h1{font-size:clamp(46px,7vw,88px);line-height:1}
.hubhead .lede{margin-top:22px;font:400 21px/1.6 var(--serif);max-width:58ch;color:var(--muted)}
.hublist{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.hublist li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.hublist a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:80px minmax(0,1.1fr) minmax(0,1fr) 220px;gap:28px;align-items:center;padding:30px 0;text-decoration:none}
.hublist .n{font:400 44px/1 var(--serif);color:var(--red)}
.hublist h2{font-size:clamp(28px,3.4vw,40px)}
.hublist p{color:var(--muted);font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.55}
.hublist .art{aspect-ratio:3/2;max-width:100%;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line)}
.hublist .art svg{width:100%;height:100%;display:block}
.hublist a:hover h2{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--red);text-underline-offset:6px;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px}
@media (max-width:900px){.hublist a{grid-template-columns:48px minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px 18px}.hublist .n{font-size:32px;grid-row:span 2}.hublist .art{display:none}}

/* articles */
.ghero{padding-block:52px 44px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.crumbs{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:22px}
.crumbs a{text-decoration:none}
.crumbs a:hover{color:var(--ink)}
.ghero .grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.25fr) minmax(0,.75fr);gap:48px;align-items:end}
.ghero h1{font-size:clamp(42px,6vw,78px);line-height:1.02}
.ghero .lede{margin-top:20px;font:400 21px/1.6 var(--serif);max-width:56ch}
.ghero .cta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin-top:28px}
.quick{border-top:2px solid var(--ink);padding-top:16px}
.quick b{font:500 12px/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--red)}
.quick ul{margin:14px 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid;gap:12px}
.quick li{font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;padding-bottom:12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
@media (max-width:880px){.ghero .grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}

.article{display:grid;grid-template-columns:200px minmax(0,1fr);gap:56px;padding-block:60px}
.toc{position:sticky;top:110px;align-self:start;font-size:15px}
.toc b{display:block;font:500 11px/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:12px}
.toc a{display:block;text-decoration:none;color:var(--muted);padding:6px 0}
.toc a:hover{color:var(--red)}
.prose{max-width:var(--read);min-width:0}
.prose h2{font-size:clamp(28px,3.4vw,40px);margin:56px 0 14px;scroll-margin-top:110px}
.prose h2:first-child{margin-top:0}
.prose p{margin-top:14px}
.prose ul{margin:14px 0 0;padding-left:22px}
.prose li{margin-top:8px}
.prose li::marker{color:var(--red)}
.say{margin-top:24px;padding:4px 0 4px 22px;border-left:2px solid var(--red);font:italic 400 21px/1.55 var(--serif)}
.say b{display:block;font:500 11px/1 var(--mono);font-style:normal;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--red);margin-bottom:10px}
.flag{margin-top:24px;padding:18px 20px;background:var(--red-soft);font-size:16px}
.flag b{color:var(--red)}
figure.fig{margin:32px 0 8px;padding:20px;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line)}
figure.fig svg{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}
figure.fig figcaption{margin-top:12px;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.5;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:10px}
figure.fig figcaption b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}
.options{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0;margin-top:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}
.opt{padding:18px 18px 18px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);min-width:0}
.opt:nth-child(odd){border-right:1px solid var(--line)}
.opt:nth-child(even){padding-left:18px}
.opt h3{font-size:22px}
.opt p{font-size:15.5px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:6px;line-height:1.55}
.opt .tag{display:inline-block;margin-top:10px;font:500 11px/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--red)}
@media (max-width:640px){.options{grid-template-columns:1fr}.opt:nth-child(odd){border-right:0}.opt:nth-child(even){padding-left:0}}
.timeline{margin-top:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.timeline div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr);gap:16px;padding:12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.timeline b{font:500 13px/1.5 var(--mono);color:var(--red)}
.timeline p{margin:0;font-size:16px}
@media (max-width:520px){.timeline div{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2px}}
details.faq{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:16px 0}
details.faq summary{cursor:pointer;font:500 20px/1.35 var(--serif);list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px}
details.faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
details.faq summary::after{content:"+";font:400 24px/1 var(--sans);color:var(--red);flex:none}
details.faq[open] summary::after{content:"–"}
details.faq p{color:var(--muted);margin-top:10px}
.disclaim{margin-top:40px;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}
.next{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}
.next a{padding:18px 16px 18px 0;text-decoration:none;font:500 20px/1.25 var(--serif);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);min-width:0}
.next a span{display:block;font:400 14px/1.4 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin-top:6px}
.next a:hover{color:var(--red)}
@media (max-width:960px){.article{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.toc{display:none}.next{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}
@media (max-width:480px){.next{grid-template-columns:1fr}}

/* BMI tool */
.bmi{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0;margin-top:22px;border:1px solid var(--line)}
.bmi .panel{padding:22px;background:var(--card);min-width:0}
.bmi .res{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px}
.bmi .val{font:500 64px/.9 var(--serif);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.bmi .cat{font:500 12px/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;opacity:.75;margin-top:10px}
.bmi .msg{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.5}
.check{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;font-size:15px}
.check input{width:20px;height:20px;accent-color:var(--red);margin-top:2px;flex:none}
@media (max-width:640px){.bmi{grid-template-columns:1fr}}

footer{padding-block:44px 56px;color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}
footer .wrap{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr 1fr;gap:28px}
footer b{display:block;color:var(--ink);font:500 18px/1.3 var(--serif);margin-bottom:10px}
footer a{display:block;text-decoration:none;margin-top:6px}
footer a:hover{color:var(--ink)}
footer .note{grid-column:1/-1;font-size:13px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:20px}
@media (max-width:760px){footer .wrap{grid-template-columns:1fr}}


/* ===== motion ===== */
:root{--e:cubic-bezier(.16,1,.3,1);--e2:cubic-bezier(.65,0,.35,1);interpolate-size:allow-keywords}

/* page-to-page transitions */
@view-transition{navigation:auto}
header.mast{view-transition-name:mast}
::view-transition-old(root){animation:.26s var(--e2) both vt-out}
::view-transition-new(root){animation:.6s var(--e) .08s both vt-in}
::view-transition-group(*){animation-duration:.6s;animation-timing-function:var(--e)}
@keyframes vt-out{to{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-14px)}}
@keyframes vt-in{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(28px)}}
a[href="understanding-obesity.html"] .art{view-transition-name:fig-obesity}
a[href="understanding-reflux.html"] .art{view-transition-name:fig-reflux}
a[href="understanding-hiatal-hernia.html"] .art{view-transition-name:fig-hiatal-hernia}
a[href="understanding-hernias.html"] .art{view-transition-name:fig-hernias}
a[href="understanding-gallbladder.html"] .art{view-transition-name:fig-gallbladder}

/* masthead: progress line, condensing, nav underline */
header.mast{transition:box-shadow .4s,background .4s}
header.mast::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:-2px;height:2px;background:var(--red);transform-origin:0 50%;transform:scaleX(var(--p,0))}
.mast .wrap{transition:padding .45s var(--e)}
.mast.scrolled{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--paper) 86%,transparent);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(14px) saturate(1.2);backdrop-filter:blur(14px) saturate(1.2);box-shadow:0 10px 30px -22px rgba(0,0,0,.45)}
.mast.scrolled .wrap{padding-block:10px 8px}
.mast nav a{position:relative;border-bottom-color:transparent!important;transition:color .25s}
.mast nav a::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:-1px;height:2px;background:var(--red);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:100% 50%;transition:transform .45s var(--e)}
.mast nav a:hover::after,.mast nav a[aria-current]::after{transform:scaleX(1);transform-origin:0 50%}
@media (max-width:560px){.mast nav{gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap}.mast nav a{font-size:14px}.mast nav a[href="index.html"]:not(.req){display:none}}

/* buttons */
.btn{position:relative;overflow:hidden;background:linear-gradient(var(--ink),var(--ink)) no-repeat 50% 100%/100% 0;transition:background-size .45s var(--e),color .3s,transform .2s,box-shadow .3s}
.btn:hover{background:linear-gradient(var(--ink),var(--ink)) no-repeat 50% 100%/100% 100%;color:var(--paper)}
.btn:active{transform:scale(.975)}
.btn.primary{background:var(--red)}
.btn.primary::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:linear-gradient(105deg,transparent 35%,rgba(255,255,255,.28) 50%,transparent 65%);transform:translateX(-120%);transition:transform .8s var(--e)}
.btn.primary:hover{background:var(--red);box-shadow:0 14px 28px -16px var(--red);transform:translateY(-2px)}
.btn.primary:hover::after{transform:translateX(120%)}

/* hero */
.hero,.hubhead,.ghero{position:relative;overflow:hidden}
.hero::before,.hubhead::before,.ghero::before{content:"";position:absolute;width:720px;height:720px;left:calc(var(--mx,72%) - 360px);top:calc(var(--my,30%) - 360px);border-radius:50%;background:radial-gradient(closest-side,var(--red-soft),transparent 70%);opacity:.75;pointer-events:none;transition:left 1.1s var(--e),top 1.1s var(--e)}
.hero>*,.hubhead>*,.ghero>*{position:relative}
.w{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:.12em;margin-bottom:-.12em}
.w>i{display:inline-block;font-style:inherit;transform:translateY(110%) rotate(4deg);transform-origin:0 100%;transition:transform 1.05s var(--e) calc(var(--i)*55ms)}
.go .w>i{transform:none}
.js .h-in{opacity:0;transform:translateY(22px);transition:opacity .9s var(--e) var(--d,.5s),transform .9s var(--e) var(--d,.5s)}
.js .go .h-in,.js .h-in.go{opacity:1;transform:none}
.byline,.quick{position:relative}
.js .byline{border-left-color:transparent}
.js .byline::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:-2px;top:0;bottom:0;width:2px;background:var(--red);transform:scaleY(0);transform-origin:50% 0;transition:transform 1.1s var(--e2) .7s}
.js .go .byline::before{transform:scaleY(1)}

/* scroll reveals */
.js [data-r]{opacity:0;transform:translateY(var(--ry,30px));transition:opacity .9s var(--e) calc(var(--i,0)*80ms),transform 1s var(--e) calc(var(--i,0)*80ms)}
.js [data-r].in{opacity:1;transform:none}
.js .shead h2{clip-path:inset(0 0 100% 0);transition:clip-path 1.1s var(--e) .1s}
.js .in.shead h2{clip-path:inset(-10% 0 -10% 0)}
.js .topics{border-top-color:transparent;position:relative}
.js .topics::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:-1px;height:1px;background:var(--ink);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:0 50%;transition:transform 1.3s var(--e2)}
.js .topics.in::before{transform:scaleX(1)}

/* figures draw themselves */
.js .dr{stroke-dasharray:1 1;stroke-dashoffset:1;fill-opacity:0;transition:stroke-dashoffset 1.5s var(--e2) calc(var(--i)*110ms),fill-opacity .9s ease calc(var(--i)*110ms + .5s)}
.js .fd{opacity:0;transition:opacity .8s ease calc(var(--i)*110ms + .3s)}
.js .drawn .dr{stroke-dashoffset:0;fill-opacity:1}
.js .drawn .fd{opacity:1}

/* cards and rows */
.topics a{position:relative;transition:transform .5s var(--e)}
.topics a::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:18px;top:-1px;height:2px;background:var(--red);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:0 50%;transition:transform .5s var(--e)}
.topics a:hover::before{transform:scaleX(1)}
.topics a h3::after,.next a::after{content:"→";display:inline-block;margin-left:8px;color:var(--red);opacity:0;transform:translateX(-8px);transition:opacity .3s,transform .45s var(--e)}
.topics a:hover h3::after,.next a:hover::after{opacity:1;transform:none}
.topics a:hover h3{text-decoration:none}
.article-card .art{transition:transform .6s var(--e),box-shadow .6s var(--e),border-color .3s}
.article-card .art svg{transition:transform .9s var(--e)}
.article-card:hover .art{transform:translateY(-6px);box-shadow:0 26px 40px -30px rgba(0,0,0,.5);border-color:var(--ink)}
.article-card:hover .art svg{transform:scale(1.05)}
.article-card .more{transition:letter-spacing .4s var(--e)}
.article-card:hover .more{letter-spacing:.04em}
.hublist a{position:relative;transition:padding .5s var(--e)}
.hublist a::before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0 -16px;background:var(--card);transform:scaleY(0);transform-origin:50% 100%;transition:transform .5s var(--e);z-index:-1}
.hublist li{position:relative;z-index:0}
.hublist a:hover::before{transform:scaleY(1)}
.hublist a:hover{padding-left:14px}
.hublist .n{transition:transform .5s var(--e)}
.hublist a:hover .n{transform:translateX(4px)}
.next a{transition:color .25s,padding .45s var(--e)}
.next a:hover{padding-left:8px}

/* the one photograph */
.about figure .ph{overflow:hidden}
.js .about figure .ph{clip-path:inset(0 0 100% 0);transition:clip-path 1.4s var(--e2)}
.js .about figure.in .ph{clip-path:inset(0)}
.about figure img{transform:scale(1.16) translateY(var(--py,0px));transition:filter .6s;will-change:transform}
.about figure:hover img{filter:none}
.js .about figcaption{opacity:0;transition:opacity .8s ease 1s}
.js .about figure.in figcaption{opacity:1}

/* pull quote reads itself in */
.pull .q{opacity:.16;transition:opacity .5s ease}
.pull .q.on{opacity:1}
.js .pull{border-left-color:transparent;position:relative}
.js .pull::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:-2px;top:0;bottom:0;width:2px;background:var(--red);transform:scaleY(var(--qp,0));transform-origin:50% 0}

/* guide: contents tracker, FAQs */
.toc a{position:relative;padding-left:14px;transition:color .3s,padding .4s var(--e)}
.toc a::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;top:50%;width:6px;height:1px;background:currentColor;transition:width .4s var(--e),background .3s}
.toc a.on{color:var(--red);padding-left:26px}
.toc a.on::before{width:18px;background:var(--red)}
details.faq::details-content{block-size:0;overflow:clip;opacity:0;transition:block-size .5s var(--e),opacity .4s,content-visibility .5s allow-discrete}
details.faq[open]::details-content{block-size:auto;opacity:1}
details.faq summary{transition:color .25s}
details.faq summary:hover{color:var(--red)}
details.faq summary::after{transition:transform .45s var(--e)}
details.faq[open] summary::after{transform:rotate(180deg)}

/* forms */
.f input,.f select,.f textarea{transition:border-color .25s,box-shadow .35s var(--e),background .25s}
.f input:focus,.f select:focus,.f textarea:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 4px var(--red-soft);background:var(--card)}
.f label{transition:color .25s}
.f:focus-within label{color:var(--red)}
.formmsg:not([hidden]){animation:pop .6s var(--e)}
@keyframes pop{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(10px) scale(.98)}}
.bmi .val{transition:color .3s}

/* speaking */
.hublist.talks a{grid-template-columns:80px minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1.2fr) 230px}
.hublist.talks .for{font:500 12px/1.5 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}
@media (max-width:900px){.hublist.talks a{grid-template-columns:48px minmax(0,1fr)}.hublist.talks .for{grid-column:2}}
.spcols{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:40px}
.spcols h3{font:500 12px/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--red);padding-bottom:14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}
.spcols ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.spcols li{padding:13px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:16.5px}
@media (max-width:760px){.spcols{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:32px}#speaking-teaser .next{grid-template-columns:1fr!important}}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  @view-transition{navigation:none}
  *,*::before,*::after{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}
  html{scroll-behavior:auto}
  .js [data-r],.js .h-in,.w>i,.pull .q,.js .fd{opacity:1!important;transform:none!important}
  .js .dr{stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;fill-opacity:1}
  .js .shead h2,.js .about figure .ph{clip-path:none!important}
  .js .about figcaption{opacity:1}
  .about figure img{transform:none}
}